Author: David

My fifth hack builds significantly on my first hack of short-form content consumption and its psychological effects, but takes a more interactive dive into addressing the physiological neglect that can result from digital addiction. Inspired by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, I focus specifically on the foundational, physiological needs – hydration, nourishment, and rest – that often go ignored during extended sessions of media consumption.

In my first hack, I considered short-form platforms like TikTok and YouTube Shorts, exploring their addictive characteristics as described by Xie et al. in their research on short-form video addiction. I previously connected this to Roger Caillois’s concept of Alea from his taxonomy of games, drawing parallels between random reinforcement seen in gambling and the mechanics of endless scrolling. These early explorations framed digital scrolling as passive, compulsive behavior.

In my alpha iteration, I attempted to leverage this addictive nature toward health-conscious behavior. By creating a physical interaction through a MakeyMakey and a water cup, scrolling required users to hydrate – completing an electrical circuit to trigger the next video. This simple interaction introduced a mindful break into an otherwise passive experience.

While this initial hack proved to be conceptually intriguing, it only addressed one facet of self-care – hydration. Recognizing the limitations of this first approach, I aimed to reimagine and significantly expand my beta iteration by encompassing a more comprehensive range of physiological needs.

This hack includes three distinct physical interactions designed explicitly to address hydration, hunger, and energy:

Hydration: I maintained my original method, a water cup connected to the MakeyMakey via an alligator clip. Drinking water completes a circuit, prompting the next video to appear.

Energy: To symbolize rest, I incorporated a napkin layered with aluminum foil attached to the MakeyMakey. Touching one’s mouth with this napkin pauses the video (shortcut key K), enforcing a mindful moment of rest from constant digital stimuli.

Hunger: The third interaction involves using a fork connected to the MakeyMakey. Touching the fork to one’s mouth completes the circuit and inputs a “like” to the current video (shortcut key L, utilizing a YouTube shortcut Chrome extension), metaphorically connecting engagement with nourishment.

To further strengthen the user’s awareness and interaction with their physiological state, I developed a Chrome extension that visually gamifies these needs. The extension displays three interactive progress bars for hydration, hunger, and energy, which diminish over time as users consume short-form videos. Each physical interaction described replenishes the corresponding visual meter, creating an immediate feedback loop that highlights bodily needs, prompting users to maintain balanced self-care habits.

Further, informed by the embodied interaction theory explained by Paul Dourish, my hack emphasizes how physical interactions can foster mindfulness and heightened self-awareness. In addition, it employs B.F. Skinner’s principles of behavioral psychology, harnessing positive reinforcement techniques to recondition digital behavior toward healthier outcomes.

Overall, my fifth hack synthesizes various psychological frameworks into an experience that encourages users to evaluate their relationship with technology. By transforming the compulsive act of digital scrolling into purposeful, health-conscious behavior, I aim to disrupt passive habits and promote a mindful integration of digital and physiological well-being.

References:

Caillois, Roger. “Man, Play, and Games.” University of Illinois Press, 2001.

Dourish, Paul. “Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction.” MIT Press, 2001.

Xie, Jin et al. “The effect of short-form video addiction on undergraduates’ academic procrastination: a moderated mediation model.” Frontiers in psychology vol. 14 1298361. 15 Dec. 2023, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298361

In this current day and age, when prompted with mentions of “contemporary cultural concern,” my thoughts gravitate toward technology. I’d like to think that this hack completes some sort of a technological trilogy in my previous hacks: my first hack addressed short-form content’s impact on attention spans; my second examined the exploitation of resources for technological advancement; and now this piece offers a reflection on technological evolution and the phenomenon of what I like to call “compressed time.”

I’ve attributed Gen Z’s fascination with the past to our position as “Digital Natives” – those who have grown up with technology and the internet as integral parts of our lives. Unlike previous generations who witnessed the gradual introduction of new technologies, we were born into an already-digital world that continues to accelerate at an unprecedented pace. This creates a unique paradox where we experience nostalgia for technologies that existed barely a decade ago.

This compressed nostalgia exists because our technological environment evolves at a pace never before experienced in human history. When devices or interfaces that defined our childhood become obsolete within 3-5 years rather than decades, nostalgia accelerates correspondingly. The traditional time required for something to become “vintage” or “retro” has collapsed for our generation. What once took 20-30 years to become nostalgic now takes a mere 5-10 years, creating a temporal dissonance unique to our generational experience.

Consider how rapidly the smartphone evolution occurred: from the revolutionary first iPhone (2007) to the refined iPhone 4 (2010) to the larger-screened iPhone 6 (2014). Each represented not just incremental improvements but distinct cultural moments. The original iPhone’s interface with its glossy buttons and realistic textures created an entirely different emotional response than the design introduced with iOS 7 in 2013. Apple’s iOS 6 featured realistic leather textures, paper fibers, and drop shadows that mimicked physical objects, while iOS 7 suddenly eliminated these in favor of minimalist, flat design principles. Microsoft made a similar leap from the dimensional Aero interface to the completely flat Metro UI in Windows 8. Yet both exist within the same compressed decade, each evoking its own form of nostalgia.

The implications of this compression create both challenges and opportunities for Digital Natives. Unlike Millennials who largely share memories of the same technologies spanning their childhood and adolescence, Gen Z’s technological memories vary dramatically even among those born just 3-4 years apart. A person born in 1997 might remember MySpace and Windows XP, while someone born in 2005 has never known a world without iPhones. This creates a sort of mini generational divide within Gen Z itself.

I have taken some time to reflect on potential positives of this. In particular, I believe that being a generation experiencing technological acceleration, we may be equipped to navigate the inevitable disruptions of the future. Perhaps our nostalgia for rapidly obsolete technologies isn’t trivial, but functions as a necessary emotional processing of constant change. We’ve developed a sort of resilience to technological evolution that previous generations had to acquire more gradually. When multiple “eras” of technology can exist within a single decade (from the iPod in 2003 to the Apple Watch in 2014), our very concept of what constitutes a historical period requires reconsideration. 

To explore this phenomenon, I deliberately focused my remix on a compressed time frame (2003-2014) that demonstrates how rapidly technology evolved during Gen Z’s formative years. By beginning with McCullough’s critique of Frutiger Aero nostalgia, I acknowledge skepticism about the legitimacy of Gen Z’s nostalgic impulses. His perspective represents an older generation’s view that our nostalgia is somehow less authentic because of its compressed timeframe.

The technology timeline that follows serves as my counterargument, employing what Virginia Kuhn calls “digital argument” – “using remixed elements to make claims and provide evidence.” By documenting the rapid succession of technological changes within this brief period, I demonstrate how our generation experienced multiple “eras” within a decade. Each technological shift represents not just a product release, but a distinct cultural moment with its own aesthetic language, behavioral norms, and emotional associations.

Kenneth Goldsmith’s concept of “textual ecosystem” helps explain our relationship with technological interfaces. Just as he observes that all digital media is ultimately composed of text-based code beneath its surface, our timeline reveals that seemingly superficial interface changes actually represent profound shifts in our digital experience. Each interface pattern functions as an environment of interaction that generates its own nostalgic response. This approach to remix allows me to construct what Goldsmith would call an “uncreative” perspective – one that reveals truth precisely by reframing existing material rather than generating original content. As he argues in “Uncreative Writing,” the most profound insights often come not from creating new material, but from reconfiguring what already exists. My work arranging these technologies across a compressed timeline creates meaning through context and arrangement rather than original creation.

I found the evolution within this technology timeline to be especially evident in UI design trends. The progression from Windows XP (2004) with its rounded buttons and nature imagery, to Vista’s (2007) translucent “Aero” design, to Windows 7’s (2009) refined transparency, to Windows 8’s (2012) radical flat tiles wasn’t merely aesthetic evolution. Each represented a fundamentally different “language” through which we interacted with technology, creating different emotional imprints and cultural associations.

These design languages reflect broader cultural shifts as well. The glossy, reflective surfaces of Vista’s Aero interface embodied early-2000s optimism about technology – transparent, impressive, but still somewhat separate from daily life. The “flattening” n in the early 2010s coincided with technology becoming more invisible, seamless, and integrated into every aspect of our lives. The interface became less about impressing the user and more about disappearing into the background of our lives.

Within my remix, I wanted to add to this evolution. I thought this would emphasize how “long ago” these bits of technology felt. I deliberately applied a film grain effect to the early footage that gradually lessens and eventually disappears as the timeline advances toward 2014. This visual technique serves as a metaphor for technological advancement – the “old” grainy footage giving way to the crisp, clean aesthetic of newer technologies. The evolution of the video itself mirrors the evolution of the technologies it documents, my editing style helping communicate the general message of the entire work.

I found that my relationship with technology provides an emotional foundation for this remix. I’ve always gauged time by the technologies present at different moments of my life – getting my first computer at age 7, receiving my iPhone 6s in 7th grade (2015), and upgrading to the iPhone SE2 in 2020 at the beginning of the pandemic. Because of how I gauge time, this project has forced me to examine whether my nostalgia is genuinely about the products and technologies themselves or about the developmental stages they represent. Perhaps I’m not nostalgic for Windows Vista’s button design so much as I’m nostalgic for the person I was when those interfaces framed my experiences.

This personal technological timeline exists within a broader context of accelerated obsolescence that shapes our entire generation’s relationship with the past. The rapid succession of devices, interfaces, and digital environments has created layers of technological memory that accumulate at unprecedented rates. Our generation doesn’t just experience nostalgia for distant childhood memories, but for the continuous parade of technological eras that have defined even our recent past.

When we express nostalgia for iOS 6’s skeuomorphic design or Windows Vista’s Aero interface, we’re not just fixating on superficial aesthetics. We’re also processing the emotional impact of constant technological disruption and transformation. Our nostalgia serves as a psychological mechanism for integrating these rapid changes into our sense of self and history.

By cataloging and arranging these technological markers, I’m engaging in what is Goldsmith’s “uncreative writing” – finding value not in originality but in selection, arrangement, and framing of existing materials. The juxtaposition allows me to make an argument about Gen Z nostalgia that would be impossible through traditional creative expression alone. Through this remix, I hope to validate the authenticity of “compressed time” and nostalgia, while exploring its characteristics in our accelerated digital age.

I’ve concluded that our nostalgia isn’t a shallow or premature response to recent technologies, but a necessary adaptation to technological acceleration. By acknowledging and examining this phenomenon, we gain insight not just into our relationship with specific technologies but into how technology shapes our very experience of time, memory, and generational identity in the digital age.

Ideally, I would have tied in the advancements in AI, and how the increase in ability for these AI systems has been exponential. However, I wasn’t quite sure how to add this into the video as I was focused much more on hardware and design, and not so much the ability of a chatting interface. This may be something to explore outside of the class though, looking at how AI will affect younger generations in the long run.

Find the hack here or watch below.

References:

Gillis, Alexander S. “Digital Native.” TechTarget, 8 Dec. 2020, https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/digital-native.

Goldsmith, Kenneth. Uncreative Writing: Managing Language in the Digital Age. Columbia University Press, 2011.

Kuhn, Virginia. “The Rhetoric of Remix.” Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 9, 15 Mar. 2012, https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2012.0358.